Since the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11, the United States has employed as many means as possible to fight the war on terror. In one aspect, however, an alarming trend has emerged. The United States is more willing than ever to sell or give away weapons to countries that have pledged assistance in the global war on terror. In the past, the United States has used arms sales to "reward" countries for their loyalty. And, today, if one examines each sale or change in policy individually, there does not appear to be a paradigm shift in U.S. arms export policy. However, when one looks at these transfers together, it becomes clear that the United States has altered its relationships with a significant number of countries, many of which are now receiving military aid that would have been denied before Sept. 11.

The United States has revised the list of countries that are ineligible to receive U.S. weapons. Since Sept. 11, the United States has waived restrictions on arms or military assistance to Armenia, Azerbaijan, India, Pakistan, Tajikistan, and Yugoslavia.

Since Sept. 11, the United States has made billions of dollars worth of arms deals to strategic countries, including a $1.2 billion sale of fighter jets and missiles to Oman and nearly $400 million worth of missiles to Egypt. Countries identified as fighting terrorist groups are also set to receive large shipments of military aid, including $92 million in weapons to the Philippines. Other countries are benefiting from military training relationships. Indonesia, for example, which had been banned from receiving military training, is set to receive training through the new Regional Defense Counter Terrorism Fellowship Program, a new DoD program that is not subject to training limitations contained in the annual Foreign Operations legislation. Human rights and lack of democracy concerns have been given less importance in some cases. Turkey is now set to receive 14 Sea Hawk naval helicopters, even though accusations of gross human rights abuses and tensions with regional rival Greece have delayed other recent helicopter deals.

To avoid being seen as favoring one side over another, some of these recent sales and military aid packages have been given to both sides of a conflict. Both India and Pakistan are set to receive weapons and, in direct response to the lifting of sanctions to Azerbaijan, Armenia was promised $90 million in foreign assistance, $4 million in foreign military financing, and $300,000 for military training.

These sales are just the tip of the iceberg. After the Gulf War, arms exports to the Middle East skyrocketed. The recent display of force with American weaponry could lead to another spike in the near future. Further, while arms agreements are made in the short term, export licenses are good for four years and production can take much longer, and thus actual arms deliveries will continue in the long run.

By Rachel Stohl CDI Senior Analyst rstohl@cdi.org

Below is a compilation of post-Sept. 11 pending and approved U.S. arms sales. The data is collected from the following sources: House International Relations Committee (HIRC), the Federal Register, Jane’s, Defense News and Defense Systems Daily.

POST-9/11/01 U.S. ARMS SALES [A] [B] [C][D] [E] [F] [G] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [O] [P] [R] [S] [T] [U]
Country	Description	Date of Approval or Notification:		Estimated Cost
Argentina	12 AH-1 Cobra attack helicopters Company: N/A Transfer Type: Excess Defense Articles (EDA) Status: N/A	4/3/02		N/A
Australia	Option to provide engineering, technical, management and financial support services for the F/A-18 aircraft programs. Company: Veridian Engineering Transfer Type: FMS Status: contract signed, export license granted	11/18/02		$16,727,126
Australia	Seven phase 1 retrofit kits for the AN and APG-73 radar for the F/A-18 aircraft - 6 for the U.S. Marine Corps - 1 for the government of Australia Company: Raytheon Transfer Type: FMS Status: contract signed, export license granted	9/3/02		$12,443,000
Australia	Joins Joint Strike Fighter program with plans to buy 100 F-35 aircraft form the United States Company: Lockheed Martin Transfer Type: N/A Status: Congress notified	8/11/02		$8 billion
Australia	Design, development, manufacture and maintenance of the Multi-role Electronically Scanned Array (MESA) Radar/IFF subsystem Company: N/A Transfer Type: N/A Status: Congress notified	4/26/02		N/A
Austria	30 F-16 A/B fighter jets upgraded with the Falcon Up structural modification and the Mid-Life Update (MLU) capability modification Company: Lockheed Martin Transfer Type: Foreign Military Sale (FMS) Status: Congress notified[1]	3/19/02		$1 billion
Bahrain	One AN/TPS-59(V)3 3-dimensional land-based radar, one Air Defense Communication Platform, spares, training and other related elements of program support Company: N/A Transfer Type: FMS Status: Congress notified	6/26/02		$40 million
Bahrain	Missile boresight correlator upgrade kit and support equipment upgrade Company: Lockheed Martin Transfer Type: FMS Status: contract signed, export license granted	4/24/02		$8,109,231
Bahrain	Eight 44 foot Motor Lifeboats Company: Boeing Transfer Type: EDA Status: N/A	1/15/02		N/A
Brazil	Two KC-135A Stratotanker air-to-air tanker/transport aircraft Company: N/A Transfer Type: EDA Status: N/A	5/1/2002		N/A
Brazil	12 F-16 fighter jets Company: has reached preliminary agreement with Lockheed Martin Transfer Type: FMS Status: waiting to sign contract	4/19/02		$909,000,000
Bulgaria	Naval architecture and marine engineering services for the basic and detailed development of a multi-mission corvette Company: N/A Transfer Type: Direct Commercial Sale (DCS) Status: Congress notified	4/15/02		N/A
Chile	10 ALQ-211(V)4 Advanced Integrated Defense Electronic Warfare Systems for F-16s Company: N/A Transfer Type: FMS Status: Congress notified	8/13/02		$51,653,708
Colombia	210-foot Medium Endurance Cutter Company: N/A Transfer Type: EDA Status: Congress notified	8/29/02		N/A
Czech Republic	150 AIM-9M-8/9 Sidewinder missiles, associated equipment and services Company: N/A Transfer Type: FMS Status: Congress notified	7/22/02		$35,000,000
Dominican Republilc	8 UH-1H Helicopters Company: N/A Transfer Type: N/A Status: Congress notified	8/21/02		N/A
Dominican Republic	SH-3 Sea King Helicopters Company: N/A Transfer Type: N/A Status: Congress notified	7/30/02		N/A
Dominican Republic	20,000 M16 rifles Company: N/A Transfer Type: EDA Status: N/A	1/23/02		N/A
Egypt	Two UH-60L Black Hawk helicopters Company: N/A Transfer Type: FMS Status: Congress notified	10/17/02		$47,000,000
Egypt	A contract to assist the government of Egypt in the development of a capability to produce 120mm tank training ammunition Company: Alliant Techsystems Transfer Type: N/A Status: contract signed	8/11/02		$27,000,000
Egypt	6 Theatre Airborne Reconnaissance Systems (TARS) Pods, associated equipment and services Company: N/A Transfer Type: FMS Status: Congress notified	7/25/02		$70,000,000
Egypt	Time and materials contract to provide for expanded repair capability on the Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared for Night as Part of the Peace Kamar Program Company: Lockheed Martin Transfer Type: FMS Status: contract signed, export license granted	4/23/02		$10,763,955
Egypt	Contract modification to manufacture 26 M993AO Multiple Launch Rocket System Carriers Company: United Defense Transfer Type: N/A Status: contract signed, export license granted	4/15/02		$23,400,000
Egypt	Technical data, defense services and articles for the upgrade of C-130's and other transport aircraft Company: N/A Transfer Type:  DCS Status: Congress notified	4/2/02		$50,000,000
Egypt	5 Naval Special Warfare Rigid inflatable Boat detachments in support of a U.S. Special Operations Command Program Executive Office maritime and rotary wing Company: United States Marine Inc. Transfer Type: FMS Status: contract signed, export license granted	3/20/02		$10,113,602
Egypt	Support package for Fast Missile Naval Craft including 53 RGM 84-L-4 Harpoon Block II antiship missiles, 4 PHALANX CIWS, 50,000 rounds of 20mm tungsten ammunition, 4 AN/SWG-1A Harpoon Shipboard Command Launch Control Systems, spare and repair parts Company: Boeing and Raytheon Transfer Type: FMS Status: Congress notified	2/13/02		$255,000,000
Egypt	Anti-tank ammunition Company: N/A Transfer Type: FMS Status: Congress notified	2/02/02		$13,400,000
Egypt	7 M728 Combat Engineer Vehicles Company: N/A Transfer Type: EDA Status:  N/A	1/23/02		N/A
Egypt	Modification for a previously awarded firm/fixed price contract (DAAE30-99-C-1049) for the delivery of 5,000 additional KEWA-1 cartridges for production acceptance training Company: General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems Transfer Type: N/A Status: contract signed, export license granted	1/10/02		$13,400,000
Egypt	26 M270 launchers - Modification to previous contract Company: Lockheed Martin Transfer Type: N/A Status: contract signed, export license granted	12/19/01		$78,714,454
Egypt	Incorporation of advanced digital transfer equipment/digital video recorders into 50 F-16D aircraft under FMS program Company: Lockheed Martin Transfer Type: FMS Status: contract signed, export license granted	11/29/01		$9,605,216 has been obligated (not to exceed $23,161,000)
Egypt	For F-16s: spares, containers, mainframes, side activation for listening II pods for the Peace Marble V program under FMS program Company: Northrop Grumman Corp. Transfer Type: FMS Status: contract signed, export license granted	11/29/01		$13,584,421
Egypt	Remanufacture of 35 Egyptian Air Force AH-64 D Apache Helicopters with fire control radar/radio frequency Company: McDonnell Douglas Co. Transfer Type: N/A Status: contract signed, export license granted	11/15/01		$241,993,426
Egypt	Refurbished 201 M109A2/A3 155mm self-propelled howitzers Company: United Defense LP Transfer Type: FMS Status: Congress Notified	11/08/01		$77,000,000
France	Order against a previously awarded Basic Ordering Agreement for supplies and spares associated with the installation and system integration of a French-unique Dual Microwave Landing System for 3 French E-2C aircraft Company:Northrup Grumman Systems, Corp. Transfer Type:FMS Status:contract signed, export license granted	9/11/02		$12,443,000
French Guiana	Technical data and assistance for the BSAT-2c commercial communications satellite Company: N/A Transfer Type: DCS Status: Congress notified	4/15/02		$50,000,000
Greece	Contract modification to provide for additional buy of 40 conformal fuel tanks (CFT), CFT support equipment and eight targeting pod pylons for the Peace Xenia III Program Company: Lockheed Martin Transfer Type: FMS Status: contract signed, export license approved	10/16/02		$22,775,345
Greece	210-foot Medium Endurance Cutter Company: N/A Transfer Type: EDA Status: Congress notified	1/31/02		$34,262,481
Greece	100 ARIM-120 C5 advance medium range air-to-air missiles and spares Company:  Raytheon Transfer Type: FMS Status: contract signed, export license granted	1/31/02		$34,262,481
India	30 P-3 Orion maritime surveillance aircraft Company: - Transfer Type: FMS &
Author(s): Rachel Stohl
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