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Each 1/2 hour episode of America's Defense Monitor is available on high-quality VHS format for $25--choose any three programs for $65. All episodes from number 724 on are accompanied by a Study Guide, which includes classroom activities, a bibliography, and discussion questions.

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A complete chronological list of all America's Defense Monitor episodes (1987 through December 1995).

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Catagories

ADM Classics

Ordering Number: WW308
Title: Blacks and the Military
Original Air Date: 9/10/89
The U.S. armed forces have been a model for the rest of American society in implementing civil rights reforms. This insightful look at the experience of Black military professionals includes fascinating historical footage.
Ordering Number: WW333
Title: The Capitol Steps
Original Air Date: 5/06/90
Washington's reknowned political satire group, the Capitol Steps, pokes wicked fun at the invasion of Panama, military spending and bases, Mikhail Gorbachev, the world arms trade and politicians of all stripes. Refreshingly impertinent.
Ordering Number: WW338
Title: Can The Military Fight The War On Drugs?
Original Air Date: 6/10/90
After initially resisting any involvement, the armed forces are now being used to try to block the flow of drugs to this country. Can the military help win any battles in this difficult new role? What will be the impact in Latin America? On the military? Former U.S. Customs Commissioner William Von Raab and Rep. Nick Mavroules (D-Mass.) confront the skeptics. The Secretary-General of the Organization of American States provides the Latin American perspective.
Ordering Number: WW418
Title: The Panama Invasion Revisited: Lessons For Today
Original Air Date: 1/20/91
Following the U. S. invasion, Panama disappeared from the consciousness of most Americans. But the capture of Manuel Noriega did not end the problems in that country. One year later we revisit Panama with never-seen footage of the invasion. The Panamanian Ambassador, a human rights observer and American experts discuss the U. S. justifications for the invasion, civilian deaths, conditions in Panama, the new government, and the continuing American role.
Ordering Number: WW421
Title: Grenada Revisited: Lessons For Today
Original Air Date: 2/10/91
A unique look at Grenada seven years after the U.S. invasion. The prime minister, leading members of the former government of Maurice Bishop, business people and the people of Grenada comment on current conditions and whether the invasion was necessary.
Ordering Number: WW510
Title: Animals In The Service Of The Military
Original Air Date: 11/24/91
Animals have long been used in war and preparations for war. What mission has the U.S. Navy assigned to dolphins? And how have cats, pigs, and even bears been used in military research? Caution--graphic video: Donald Brooks, National Anti-Vivisection Society; Ric O'Barry, Director of the Dolphin Project.
Ordering Number: WW520
Title: The Media and the Iraq War
Original Air Date: 2/02/92
Does Pentagon censorship of reporters subvert the First Amendment's protection of a free press? Does the public have a right to know about the unpleasant facts of war? Should the government be permitted to stop battlefield information from reaching the American people? David Hackworth, Newsweek; Pete Williams, Assistant Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs.
Ordering Number: WW534
Title: The Language Of War
Original Air Date: 5/10/92
Does the military establishment use language to clarify or camouflage the reality of war and preparations for war? Three combat-veteran-writers--David Hackworth (the most decorated soldier in the U. S.), Harry Summers and Peter Braestrup--share their views. Humorist Jim Boren presents his own inimitable treatment of Pentagon doublespeak.
Ordering Number: WW549
Title: The Commander-In-Chief
Original Air Date: 8/23/92
The President wields awesome powers in the conduct of war and in directing the size and shape of our armed forces: Senator John McCain, (R-AZ), Senate Armed Services Committee; Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., Historian.
Ordering Number: WW603
Title: War Through The Eyes Of Artists
Original Air Date: 10/04/92
Artists have used their talents to portray the realities of war for centuries. This program focuses on combat artists in all U.S. wars, especially in World War II, Vietnam and the Persian Gulf: Jim Fairfax, Combat Artist; Marylou Gjernes, Army Art Curator; Alexander Russo, Combat Artist (WWII).
Ordering Number: WW606
Title: Lessons of the Cold War
Original Air Date: 10/25/92
This episode explains why the huge military budgets of the 1980s resulted in only minor increases in U. S. military forces. Riveting images depict the real factors that ended the Cold War and transformed the Soviet Union. William Maynes, Editor, Foreign Policy; Senator Charles Grassley (R- IA); Hedrick Smith, author of "The New Russians."
Ordering Number: WW624
Title: Women Warriors
Original Air Date: 2/28/93
The talents and abilities of American military women are held in check as the nation wrestles with the role of women in combat. Beyond the emotional aspects of this question, there are issues of fairness and equality involved: Retired Brigadier General Clara Adams-Ender; Master Sergeant Sarah White, USAF (Ret.).
Ordering Number: WW703
Title: Selling Weapons
Original Air Date: 1/31/93
Military contractors spare no expense when selling their wares. A fascinating look at the glitzy world of weapons videos and other techniques used to market weapons: Rep. Howard Berman, (D-CA).
Ordering Number: WW754
Title: The 1995 Code of Contact Press Conference
Original Air Date:
Senator Mark Hatfield (R-OR) and Rep. Cynthia McKinney (D- GA) kick off a Congressional initiative to end the sale of U.S. weapons to countries with poor human rights records.

Arms Sales

Ordering Number: WW633
Title: The Making Of A Dictator
Original Air Date: 5/02/93
A case study in how the West armed Iraq. Dictators in the Middle East have been the main purchasers of modern weapons, but Saddam Hussein wasn't the only despot who became a threat to neighbors--and his own people--with a little help from Western friends: Rep. Charles Rose, (D-NC).
Ordering Number: WW706
Title: Arming Dictators
Original Air Date: 10/24/93
A disturbing picture of U.S. support for authoritarian governments in El Salvador, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, and Zaire. Despite the collapse of the Soviet Union, undemocratic regimes still get the best weapons and training that the U.S. has to offer: Stephen Davis, Investor Responsibility Research Center; James Phillips, Heritage Foundation.
Ordering Number: WW711
Title: Arms Sales To Saudi Arabia and Taiwan
Original Air Date: 11/28/93
Viewers will learn of two controversial sales of warplanes: McDonnell Douglas' sale to Saudi Arabia and Lockheed's to Taiwan. This behind-the-scenes exploration reveals the key players -- and the negative effects: Janne Nolan, Brookings Institution.
Ordering Number: WW717
Title: Arms Merchant For The World
Original Air Date: 1/09/94
The U.S. is the number one arms merchant to the Middle East and the rest of the world. Contrary to the Clinton administration's talk of curbing the arms trade, the flow of weapons to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and other nations continues unabated: Lora Lumpe, Federation of American Scientists; Joel Johnson, Aerospace Industries Association.
Ordering Number: WW727
Title: The Black Market in U.S. Arms Sales
Original Air Date: 3/20/94
Weapons once sold to the United States are often sold to other countries without U.S. knowledge. This startling investigation reveals a dangerous growing market in covert weapons transfers and exchanges of questionable legality: Richard Mercier, U.S. Customs Service.
Ordering Number: WW736
Title: A Code of Conduct for Weapons Sales
Original Air Date: 5/02/94
There is growing concern about the increase in U.S. arms sales to countries that violate human rights. An effort in Congress is underway to establish a 'Code of Conduct' for U.S. weapons sales to prevent them from going to nations that abuse human rights: Senator Mark Hatfield, (R-OR); Rep. Cynthia McKinney, (D-GA).
Ordering Number: WW753
Title: Code of Conduct
Original Air Date: 2/01/94
On February 1, 1994, Senator Mark Hatfield (R-OR) and Representative Cynthia McKinney (D-GA), joined with close to 100 national and local human rights, arms control, and religious groups, to kick off an arms trade "code of conduct" to stop weapons exports to dictators, human rights abusers and agressor nations.
Ordering Number: WW810
Title: Armed and Dangerous
Original Air Date: 11/20/94
From Rwanda to L.A., the proliferation of light weapons may pose the greatest threat to peace in the post-Cold War era. Small arms have killed far more people than weapons of mass destruction, but arms control efforts have largely ignored them: Michael Klare, Hampshire College; Steve Goose, Human Rights Watch Arms Project.
Ordering Number: WW835
Title: Selling Our Jobs
Original Air Date: 5/14/95
Americans will be shocked to discover that lucrative contracts to sell U.S.-made weapons to foriegn countries do not result in an overall economic benefit to the U.S. economy. Add in the devastation caused by these weapons and these deals are seen in a whole new light: Frank Conahan, GAO; Lora Lumpe, Federation of American Scientists; John Richards, Commerce Department.

Enviromental

Ordering Number: WW344
Title: The Military and the Environment
Original Air Date: 7/22/90
The military's handling of nuclear waste and other toxic materials has often led to environmental disasters. The full extent of the problem is only now becoming clear. Environmental experts and policymakers shed light on the military's soiled record.
Ordering Number: WW814
Title: The Nuclear Threat at Home
Original Air Date: 2/18/94
The Department of Energy spends over $5 Billion each year cleaning up polluted nuclear weapons production facilities. The radioactive and toxic legacy of DOE's bombmaking is an enormous threat to our national well-being: Senator John Glenn, (D-OH), Chairman of the Governmental Operations Committee; Hazel O'Leary, Secretary, DOE.

Forces Overseas

Ordering Number: WW315
Title: The U.S. Navy In Cuba
Original Air Date: 12/24/89
An interesting look at an unusual military base: the U.S. naval facility in Guantanamo. A Cuban diplomat; Constantine Menges, a former Reagan Administration official, and retired Admiral Eugene Carroll present contrasting views.
Ordering Number: WW324
Title: Reducing Armed Forces In Europe
Original Air Date: 2/25/90
The spectacular changes in Eastern Europe and East Germany have somewhat obscured the Conventional Forces in Europe negotiations. Yet those talks in Vienna hold the promise of further dramatic change on the world's most militarized continent. Former U.S. negotiators share their views of the long-term prospects with Jeffrey Record of the Hudson Institute and Stanley Sloan of the Congressional Research Service.
Ordering Number: WW331
Title: The UN's Blue Helmets
Original Air Date: 4/22/90
Having successfully contained armed conflicts in many parts of the world in difficult times, UN peacekeeping operations may now expand into new areas as the Cold War ebbs. Brian Urquhart, former UN Under Secretary-General, joins with veteran and current UN peacekeepers from Argentina, Fiji, and Ireland in describing what the blue-helmeted soldiers actually do to keep the peace.
Ordering Number: WW350
Title: The UN's Blue Helmets
Original Air Date: 9/02/90
Having successfully contained armed conflicts in many parts of the world in difficult times, UN peacekeeping operations may now expand into new areas as the Cold War ebbs. Brian Urquhart, former UN Under-Secretary-General, joins with veteran and current UN peacekeepers from Argentina, Fiji, and Ireland in describing what the blue-helmeted soldiers actually do to keep the peace.
Ordering Number: WW352
Title: Bringing The Troops Home?
Original Air Date: 9/16/90
Half a million American troops are stationed abroad, about a quarter of all U. S. armed forces. With the Warsaw Pact crumbling, can large numbers of Americans return from Europe? The Bush administration wants to keep sizable forces in Europe and Asia. Others say the new situation in the world permits a dramatic reduction in the U. S. military presence around the world.
Ordering Number: WW430
Title: The U. S. Military In Korea And The Philippines
Original Air Date: 4/14/91
Years after the wars that brought them there have ended, American troops remain in Korea and the Philippines. Should they remain? Negotiations on U.S. bases in the Philippines are in their final stages. What is the future of these overseas commitments?
Ordering Number: WW508
Title: The Defense Of Japan
Original Air Date: 11/10/91
This special rebroadcast brings important perspective to the fiftieth anniversary of Pearl Harbor. A well-thought-out and extremely informative assessment of current U.S. foreign policy as it pertains to our military presence in Japan in particular and Asia in general. -- Video Rating Guide for Libraries, Highly Recommended review.
Ordering Number: WW601
Title: America: Policeman For The Third World?
Original Air Date: 9/20/92
President Bush has said a New World Order will emerge from the Gulf war. Does that mean the United States will serve as the top cop in future in the Third World? What international laws will guide and limit the use of force? And who will try to resolve these conflicts before governments resort to force?
Ordering Number: WW609
Title: Uncle Sam's Foreign Military Bases
Original Air Date: 11/15/92
We won't be back till it's over, over there, in the words of George M. Cohan's World War I song. Is it now over, over there? There were 395 major U.S. bases in foreign countries when the Cold War ended. Are they still needed?
Ordering Number: WW632
Title: NATO, Dead Or Alive
Original Air Date: 4/25/93
Does NATO have a role in the post-Cold War world or is a military bureaucracy in search of a mission? Recent events in Europe have shed light on this multi-Billion dollar question: Ambassador Michael Zantovsky, Czech Republic.

History

Ordering Number: WW326
Title: Modern American Patriot: Norman Cousins
Original Air Date: 3/11/90
Norman Cousins has been an activist conscience of the nuclear age ever since he wrote the editorial, Modern Man Is Obsolete for Saturday Review in 1945. He played a key role in achieving the Limited Test Ban Treaty in 1963, as an intermediary among President Kennedy, Nikita Khrushchev and Pope John XXIII. Here, he discusses today's prospects for a livable world with retired Admiral Gene La Rocque.
Ordering Number: WW337
Title: What Future For The Army?
Original Air Date: 6/03/90
The U.S. Army has been an integral component of defense strategies in Europe and around the world for over 40 years. Yet the once-feared Soviet military threat has diminished drastically over the past year. What is the future of the U.S. Army at a time of declining threats and shrinking budgets? Ex-Army Chief of Staff Gen. Edward Meyer (Ret.), Former Assistant Defense Secretary for Manpower (1981-85) Larry Korb, defense expert Ed Luttwak and others shed light on the challenges confronting the U.S. Army today.
Ordering Number: WW343
Title: Modern American Patriot: Harold Willens
Original Air Date: 7/15/90
After a successful business career, this California entrepreneur saw joint economic ventures as a means of reducing U.S.-Soviet tensions. His story is a fascinating example of growing partnerships between private Americans and Soviet firms.
Ordering Number: WW439
Title: The Aftermath of War with Iraq
Original Air Date: 6/16/91
With the military phase of the conflict over, this program examines the long-term problems of the aftermath. These political, economic, environmental, and human problems will persist for years. Will peace eventually come to the Middle East?
Ordering Number: WW502
Title: Modern American Patriot: Eugene Lang
Original Air Date: 9/29/91
Education is our best defense. So says the founder of the I Have a Dream program, which helps high school students go to college and become productive citizens. How does he measure success? How does he compare education to military service?
Ordering Number: WW503
Title: Dateline: Kazakhstan, Central Asia
Original Air Date: 10/06/91
Kazakhstan, in Soviet Central Asia, is second in size only to the Russian Republic and home to vast mineral resources, dozens of ethnic groups, and a large chunk of the Soviet military, including hundreds of nuclear weapons. In-depth coverage of an emerging power seen through the eyes of Kazakhs and visiting Americans.
Ordering Number: WW712
Title: The Wounds Of War: Vietnam
Original Air Date: 12/12/93
America has yet to come to terms with the Vietnam War. In this moving episode, we talked to Vets about the the war and its aftermath, exploring in riveting detail the continuing impact of that bitter conflict on individuals and society.
Ordering Number: WW743
Title: Modern American Patriot: Ron Dellums
Original Air Date: 7/27/94
Congressman Ron Dellums, former Chairman of the powerful House Armed Services Committee, has been a key player for close to three decades of national security policy making. This in-depth portrait highlights Rep. Dellums' perspectives on our post-Cold War security needs.
Ordering Number: WW749
Title: Who's the Enemy Now?
Original Air Date: 8/21/94
The United States will spend around $270 Billion this year on its military establishment, a level comparable to what we spent at the height of the Cold War. Our military budget is now based on the premise that we must be able to fight two major land wars, at the same time, alone, even though we have no identifiable enemies: Asad Abu'khalil, California State University; Selig Harrison, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
Ordering Number: WW815
Title: A Conversation of with Ron Dellums
Original Air Date: 12/25/94
Ordering Number: WW821
Title: Modern American Patriot: William Sloane Coffin
Original Air Date: 2/05/95
The former Pastor of Yale and New York City's famous Riverside Church shares his vast experience as a soldier, a cleric, and tireless advocate for peace and justice.
Ordering Number: WW832
Title: Conversion of a Cold Warrior: William Colby
Original Air Date: 4/23/95
The former Director of the CIA, once an unrepentant Cold Warrior, now promotes an 50% cut in the military budget. He shares insights from his fascinating career as an OSS officer, CIA Director (1973-76), and disarmament expert.
Ordering Number: WW847
Title: The Legacy of Hiroshima
Original Air Date: 8/06/95
The astonishing story of how our lives have been affected by the 70,000 nuclear weapons built by the United States in the 50 years since they were first used in WWII: Rep. Edward Markey, (D-MA); Dr. Richard Hallion, Air Force Historian.

International Conflict

Ordering Number: WW734
Title: Break-Up In The Balkans
Original Air Date: 5/08/94
A sobering look at the causes of the bitter, complex civil war in Bosnia, the break-up of the former Yugoslavia, and the role of outside forces in the Balkans. Ethnic conflict is only one aspect of this tragegy. The media and economics play a suprising role: Janusz Bugajski, Center for International Studies; Robert Kaplan, author of "Balkan Ghosts."
Ordering Number: WW738
Title: Killing Fields: The Deadly Legacy of Land Mines
Original Air Date: 6/05/94
Over 100 million land mines are scattered around the world killing and maiming hundreds of people every month. Many of the victims are innocent civilians trying to reclaim farmland in the wake of conflict. The U.S. is leading an international movement to ban the production, development, and export of land mines: Senator Patrick Leahy, (D-VT); Steve Goose, Human Rights Watch Arms Project; Jody Williams, Vietnam Veterans of America Foundation.
Ordering Number: WW752
Title: Ending the Cold War With Cuba
Original Air Date: 6/14/92
This embattled island suffers terribly from a draconian trade policy enforced by a tiny minority of anti-Castro activists in the U.S.: Rep. Robert Torricelli (D-NJ); Wayne Smith, Johns Hopkins University; Rep. Connie Mack; (R-FL); Jose Cardenas; Cuban-American National Foundation.
Ordering Number: WW804
Title: School of the Americas: At War With Democracy?
Original Air Date: 10/09/94
During the Cold War, the U.S. set up an elite school to train the military and police forces of Latin America. American taxpayers continue to train those who often use their skills to torture and kill others engaged in legitimate dissent: Col. Jose Alverez, Commandant, SOA, Father Roy Bourgeois, Maryknoll Priest.
Ordering Number: WW809
Title: Myth vs. Reality After the Cold War
Original Air Date: 11/13/94
This program challenges the conventional wisdom of military thinking such as "military spending has been cut as far as it can go," and "we need to be able to fight and win two wars nearly simultaneously.": Senator Tom Harkin (D-IA), Rep. Elizabeth Furse (D-OR); Rep. John Spratt (D-SC).
Ordering Number: WW812
Title: Russia's Time of Troubles
Original Air Date: 12/04/94
What is going on in the former Soviet Union? Is the United States helping or hurting the cause of reform? Insightful answers to tough questions: Susan Eisenhower, Center for Post-Soviet Studies; Abe Brumberg, former Editor, Problems of Communism Magazine.
Ordering Number: WW910
Title: The Pentagon's Enemies
Original Air Date: 11/19/95
DoD sees Iraq, Iran, Libya, Syria, North Korea, and Cuba as potential enemies. Understanding the match-ups between the U.S. military and these "threats" is crucial since they are used to justify high levels of military spending.

International Relations

Ordering Number: WW314
Title: Marshal Akhromeyev Goes To Washington
Original Air Date: 12/17/89
Once a feared enemy, the USSR's top military officer informs, answers questions, and laughs with Congress, the press and his counterparts in the U.S. military.
Ordering Number: WW325
Title: Future Wars
Original Air Date: 3/04/90
The chances of an armed conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union have almost disappeared. Yet, wars will continue. Where are they likely to occur? Who will fight them? Among those looking into their crystal balls are the former heads of three key agencies in the field of military security--Robert McNamara, Defense Department; William Colby, CIA; retired General William Odom, National Security Agency.

International Relations

Ordering Number: WW334
Title: Snooping By Agreement
Original Air Date: 5/13/90
Two former enemies now allow intrusive inspections of their once top-secret military facilities. Future arms reduction treaties will call for even more extensive inspections of military installations in the United States, Europe and the Soviet Union. Inspectors and experts on verification -- including Gen. Vladimir Medvedev, director of the Soviet inspection agency -- probe the outer limits of snooping by agreement.
Ordering Number: WW340
Title: Soviet-American Sail
Original Air Date: 6/24/90
An American-Soviet crew of 48 sailed a 156-foot schooner from New York to Leningrad, meeting each other for the first time and undertaking environmental research. They learned a lot about the deterioration of the ocean environment, sailing--and what makes each other tick.
Ordering Number: WW607
Title: America's Arms Sales
Original Air Date: 11/01/92
The world arms trade is big business, and the United States and other countries have embarked on a major campaign to sell more weapons to the oil-rich countries of the Middle East. Contrary to public hopes and common sense, the war against Iraq has stimulated an increased demand for arms. On the supplier side, the Pentagon wants to keep production lines going and the defense contractors want to keep profits coming. What should be done?
Ordering Number: WW608
Title: Guns For Guatemala
Original Air Date: 11/08/92
Rigoberta Menchu, the exiled Guatemalan peasant leader who won the 1992 Nobel Peace Prize, makes an eloquent appeal for the United States to respect self-determination for her people in the context of the 1989 sale of M-16 rifles to the repressive Guatemalan Army, which continues to hold effective power despite the election of several civilian presidents in that country.

Military Spending

Ordering Number: WW645
Title: Cutting The Military Price Tag
Original Air Date: 7/25/93
One million active-duty troops and a million more in the reserves could take care of U. S. military needs--at one- third off the price tag of Cold War armed forces: John Steinbruner, Brookings Institution.
Ordering Number: WW725
Title: How the Military Manages Money
Original Air Date: 2/27/94
DoD is the largest bureaucracy in the world with perhaps the most difficult financial management challenges: Jack Anderson, Syndicated Columnist; Charles Bowsher, Comptroller General, GAO.
Ordering Number: WW803
Title: Another $ 1.3 Trillion Military Budget
Original Air Date: 10/02/94
Can President Clinton improve education, health care, and clean up the environment while spending $1.3 Trillion on the military over the next five years? This program clearly identifies the tradeoffs between military and domestic spending: Ann Markusen, Rutgers University; Iris Rotberg, National Science Foundation.
Ordering Number: WW807
Title: Who's Number One?
Original Air Date: 10/30/94
A novel look at how the U.S. compares with its industrial allies. Graphics illustrate the unchallenged military might of the United States and contrasts that with its rankings in many quality-of-life measures such as health, crime, education, poverty, and financial debt: James Fallows, Author; Fred Ikle, Center for Strategic and International Studies.
Ordering Number: WW833
Title: Military Spending, The Congress, and You
Original Air Date: 4/30/95
A look at President Clinton's proposed $258 Billion military spending for next year--and the response of Congress. Is it too big? Too small? Or just right? Is the debate about politics or real security? Robert Greenstein, Center on Budget and Policy Priorities.
Ordering Number: WW845
Title: New Congress, Old Weapons
Original Air Date: 7/16/95
A dramatic expose of the tough choices the new Congress must make on four Cold War weapons systems: the B-2 bomber, the Seawolf submarine, the F-22 fighter plane, and Ballistic Missile Defense: Senator John McCain, (R-AZ); Suzy Kerr, Council for a Livable World; Baker Spring, Heritage Foundation.
Ordering Number: WW851
Title: Can Defense Firms Go Commercial?
Original Air Date: 9/03/95
Very few major military contractors are dealing with conversion to nonmilitary, commercial activity like the Hughes Aircraft Company and the Bath Iron Works shipyard in Maine.
Ordering Number: WW904
Title: Balanced Budget: Unbalanced Priorities?
Original Air Date: 10/08/95
Can the federal budget be balanced without cuts in military spending? President Clinton and Congress think so: they plan to increase military spending. How might cuts in spending on domestic programs effect the security of America's citizens?
Ordering Number: WW909
Title: A U.S. Military Force for the Real World
Original Air Date: 11/12/95
The U.S. Military could save $90 Billion by 1999 if the Pentagon changes its plan to fight two major wars simultaneously and relies instead on a one-war active millitary force backed by well-equipped, well-trained National Guard and Reserve forces to deal with the unlikely event of a second war.

Nuclear Issues

Ordering Number: WW318
Title: Andrei Sakharov'S Example
Original Air Date: 1/14/90
Long before glasnost took root in the Soviet Union, the courage of its leading physicist in speaking out against the arms race and injustice inspired people all over the world. His comments during his visit to the U.S. are the centerpiece of this fascinating look at a lonely dissenter.
Ordering Number: WW320
Title: Nuclear Weapons At Sea
Original Air Date: 1/28/90
The U.S. Navy is phasing out its shorter-range nuclear weapons while modernizing longer-range cruise missiles. Naval strategist Roger Barnett of National Security Research, Incorporated, Stan Norris, analyst for the Natural Resources Defense Council, and retired Admiral Eugene Carroll discuss the significance of these moves. They also probe the Navy's policy of neither confirming nor denying the existence of nuclear weapons on its ships.
Ordering Number: WW336
Title: The Nuclear Nineties
Original Air Date: 5/27/90
As the United States and the Soviet Union edge toward agreement to reduce long-range nuclear weapons, it's unclear whether a START treaty will significantly reduce nuclear arsenals or restrict future arms development. Older nuclear weapons will be scrapped, but new ones will be introduced in the 1990s. This timely program, airing just weeks before Presidents Bush and Gorbachev meet to sign an agreement, explains the issues and looks at the shape of the U.S. and Soviet nuclear arsenals in the coming decade.
Ordering Number: WW431
Title: Shutting Down Nuclear Tests
Original Air Date: 4/21/91
The relatively small number of Americans who actively oppose the U.S.-led war with Iraq had little effect on government policy. What other military issues lead Americans into active protests? This program focuses on domestic opposition to continued underground nuclear tests in the Nevada desert.
Ordering Number: WW444
Title: Nuking Nevada
Original Air Date: 7/21/91
For decades nuclear weapon were exploded under the Nevada desert, 65 miles northwest of Las Vegas. The United States tested more nuclear weapons than any other country.
Ordering Number: WW449
Title: The Expanding Nuclear Club
Original Air Date: 8/25/91
There are just five official members of the Nuclear Club, but other nations are still in the closet. Which countries are on the threshold? What are the dangers of the spread of nuclear weapons? How does the Strategic Defense Initiative fit in?
Ordering Number: WW501
Title: Targeting for Nuclear War
Original Air Date: 9/22/91
Admiral Noel Gayler (USN, Ret.), former head of the National Security Agency, and Bruce Blair, ex-missile launch officer, along with other civilian officials and retired military officers with hands-on experience in nuclear weaponry discuss the places in the Soviet Union that have been targeted for annihilation in case of war.
Ordering Number: WW507
Title: Nuclear Weapons And The Breakup Of The Soviet Union
Original Air Date: 11/03/91
Before the second Russian Revolution erupted, the 27,000 nuclear warheads in what was the Soviet Union were spread over many individual republics. Is the Soviet military in danger of losing control over part of this formidable force? What are the prospects for major reductions?
Ordering Number: WW519
Title: The 27,000 Warhead Question
Original Air Date: 1/26/92
Before the second Russian Revolution erupted, the 27,000 nuclear warheads in what was the Soviet Union were spread over many individual republics. The new Commonwealth's military is in danger of losing control over this formidable force. This startling program examines the crisis and possible ways to defuse it.
Ordering Number: WW629
Title: Scrapping Nuclear Weapons
Original Air Date: 4/04/93
Dismantling thousands of nuclear bombs creates enormous problems for the United States and other nuclear powers: what to do with the bomb's radioactive contents. And how to verify that the bombs are being properly destroyed: Troy Wade, International Disarmament Corporation.
Ordering Number: WW647
Title: Nuclear Bombs In Our Future
Original Air Date: 8/08/93
The number of countries with nuclear weapons is increasing, not shrinking. This probing video provides a way to judge the dangers of a nuclear-armed, turbulent world: David Albright, Institute for Science and International Security; General Aslam Beg, Pakistani Army.
Ordering Number: WW721
Title: Does The United States Need Nuclear Weapons?
Original Air Date: 2/06/94
Since 1945, the U.S. has built 70,000 nuclear weapons. Today, military planners are reevaluating the possible uses of nuclear weapons. Thoughtful critics suggest that the U.S. may not need nuclear weapons at all: Noam Chomsky, MIT; William Colby, CIA Director, 1973-76; Daniel Ellsberg, Manhattan Project II.
Ordering Number: WW735
Title: The Non-Proliferation Treaty: Dead at 25?
Original Air Date: 5/15/94
In April, 1995 the NPT signatories met to decide if the treaty should be revised, extended as is, or left for dead. After 25 years, 30 countries are thought to be capable of building nuclear weapons and inspection of suspect activities remains difficult: Miguel Marin-Bosch, Mexican Ambassador to the UN Conference on Disarmament; Tom Graham, Deputy Director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency.
Ordering Number: WW813
Title: America's Nuclear Reaction
Original Air Date: 12/11/94
The Pentagon has identified the spread of nuclear weapons as the next great threat. Its "Defense Counter-Proliferation Initiative" considers preemptive strikes against suspected nuclear sites, like those in North Korea: John Pike, Federation of American Scientists; Ralph Earle, Arms Control and Disarmement Agency.
Ordering Number: WW826
Title: Managing America's Nuclear Complex
Original Air Date: 3/12/95
As the Department of Energy rethinks the role of its many weapons laboratories around the country, at issue is whether these scientists are developing new nuclear weapons or only managing existing ones: Charles Curtis, Undersecretary of Energy; Tom Zamora Colina, Institute for Science and International Security.
Ordering Number: WW839
Title: Eliminating Nuclear Weapons
Original Air Date: 6/11/95
Member countries of the United Nations are committed to the elimination of nuclear weapons. This very important program examines the feasibility of denuclearizing the militaries of the world and explores steps that the U.S. could take toward this goal: William Sloane Coffin, President Emeritus, Peace Action; Kathleen Bailey, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
Ordering Number: WW911
Title: The Future of Russia
Original Air Date: 11/26/95
What are the prospects for Russia after Yeltsin? What's going on with the Russian military? An insightful look at our nuclear-armed former adversary.

Politics & Economics

Ordering Number: WW317
Title: Arms For The World
Original Air Date: 1/07/90
The growing weapons sales from the major powers to the Third World and the proliferation of weapons manufactured by China, Israel, South Africa, Brazil, Argentina, and South Korea represent the 2nd arms race. A spokesman for U.S. arms exporters discusses the situation with specialists from the Executive Branch, Congress and private groups.
Ordering Number: WW319
Title: The Politics Of Military Spending
Original Air Date: 1/21/90
As the Cold War wanes, some Members of Congress increasingly view the military budget as a jobs program. Congressmen George Hochbrueckner (D-N.Y.), who represents many Grumman employees, and John Kasich (R-Ohio), a member of the House Armed ServicesCommittee, present starkly different views. Current and former Pentagon officials offer insiders' commentary.
Ordering Number: WW322
Title: National Security In The 1990S
Original Air Date: 2/11/90
Lawrence Korb, former Pentagon logistics chief; retired General William Odom, and retired Admiral Gene La Rocque testify at a hearing of the Joint Congressional Economic Committee on new approaches to national security. Their contrasting views will help shape the national debate over the post-Cold War world.
Ordering Number: WW327
Title: Money For The Military
Original Air Date: 3/25/90
Decisions in Washington on how much money to spend on the military are often made for political and economic -- as well as military -- reasons. Senator Charles Grassley (R- Iowa) and Congressmen Charles Wilson (D-Tex.) and Barney Frank (D-Mass.) discuss the impact of: political contributions from defense contractors; Members of Congress who seek defense jobs for their districts; the extensive U.S. network of foreign bases; and our huge nuclear arsenal.
Ordering Number: WW335
Title: Retooling The Arms Industry
Original Air Date: 5/20/90
As military spending decreases, military-industrial firms will lose contracts. Are they prepared to expand into civilian markets? Are there any success stories in converting to civilian products? The State of Ohio's pioneering conference for defense contractors provides some of the answers. Ambassador Yuri Dubinin reports on the Soviet experience in shifting gears.
Ordering Number: WW342
Title: The Frisby Success Story
Original Air Date: 7/08/90
Frisby Airborne Hydraulics, a Long Island firm that for decades produced equipment for military aircraft, has successfully diversified into commercial products. America's Defense Monitor goes inside the plant to talk with the managers and workers. Are there lessons to be learned here by other defense firms facing lower Pentagon budgets?
Ordering Number: WW348
Title: Scrambling For Dollars
Original Air Date: 8/19/90
As the Pentagon budget goes down, the efforts of the individual armed forces to maintain their piece of the action become more intense. All the services are looking for a greater role in the war against drugs. The Army and the Marines are scrapping over Third World missions. Each service is determined to keep its own air force. Some Members of Congress and defense contractors will further complicate the scramble for dwindling funds.
Ordering Number: WW424
Title: Updating The Threat
Original Air Date: 3/03/91
The Cold War is over, but the Defense Department has used the confrontation in the Gulf to identify new threats to U.S. national security. Today, Pentagon leaders place uncertainty and instability at the top of their list of threats. How do uncertainty and instability compare to such domestic threats as a crumbling infrastructure, poverty, crime, drugs, pollution and poor education?
Ordering Number: WW435
Title: Military Spending After War With Iraq
Original Air Date: 5/12/91
The Defense Department has estimated war costs at $77 billion through March 1991. Most of these costs are to be covered by U.S. allies. Will they pay? Will hidden costs surface in the years ahead? How will the war affect military spending in the future, the national debt?
Ordering Number: WW436
Title: Changing Times In Charlottesville
Original Air Date: 5/19/91
Citizens in Virginia, spurred by the end of the Cold War, interviewed local defense contractors and bankers and prepared a report on their community's readiness to absorb cuts in military spending. Their initiative could serve as a model for citizen involvement in defense-dependent communities.
Ordering Number: WW450
Title: The Secret Military Budget
Original Air Date: 9/01/91
A startling look at the hidden world of secret or special access military programs, which undermine our democratic system. Secret budget items total an estimated $30 billion- -about 10% of overall military spending. What can be done about it?
Ordering Number: WW504
Title: The Uses and Abuses of Intelligence
Original Air Date: 10/13/91
The Senate hearings on the nomination of Robert Gates as CIA Director have renewed charges that the Reagan Administration politicized the intelligence system. This program delves into the charges with the help of intelligence experts.
Ordering Number: WW512
Title: Dollars And Sense: Military Spending
Original Air Date: 12/08/91
As the world changes dramatically, is the Pentagon preparing for dramatic changes in its budget? Military forces will be smaller, but military spending is expected to remain nearly level. The forces underlying this paradox are revealed.
Ordering Number: WW523
Title: Buying Weapons Or Building America
Original Air Date: 2/09/92
In 1953, President Eisenhower said the cost of one modern heavy bomber is a modern brick school in more than 30 cities. Today, one B-2 bomber at $865,000,000 would pay for many more schools. With limited resources, the nation must now compare the relative benefits of building schools, hospitals and bridges with buying more weapons.
Ordering Number: WW529
Title: The Loss Of An Enemy
Original Air Date: 4/05/92
A lively trip through Cold War history leaves us with a puzzle: With no significant enemies, what now?
Ordering Number: WW536
Title: Do We Need The CIA?
Original Air Date: 5/24/92
The Senate hearings on the nomination of Robert Gates as CIA Director have renewed charges that the Reagan Administration politicized the intelligence system. This program delves into the charges with the help of intelligence experts.
Ordering Number: WW541
Title: Do We Need the CIA?
Original Air Date: 6/28/92
Senator Moynihan has introduced a bill in Congress to abolish the CIA. What's the problem with the spy agency?
Ordering Number: WW544
Title: Can America Afford Peace?
Original Air Date: 7/19/92
Describes the problems faced by 3 million defense workers when military contracts are cut. The impact of profits, constituent pressure on Congress, and appeals to patriotism play a suprising role. Historical examples from World War II and Vietnam are useful guides for the future: Rep. Les Aucoin, (D-OR); Frank Gaffney, Director of the Center for Security Policy.
Ordering Number: WW546
Title: How Much Is Enough?
Original Air Date: 8/02/92
In recent years the Department of Defense has spent about $300 Billion annually. Dramatically changed conditions in the world and tight budgets now raise basic questions about the size, composition, and costs of the U.S. military.
Ordering Number: WW604
Title: The National Security Council
Original Air Date: 10/11/92
Since 1947, the critically-important National Security Council has triggered a series of major foreign policy and military blunders. Operating in complete secrecy, the NSC wields enormous power affecting all Americans: Marcus Raskin, Institute for Policy Studies; Howard Teicher, NSC Staff, 1982-87.
Ordering Number: WW627
Title: Weapons The Pentagon Doesn't Want
Original Air Date: 3/21/93
What do we get when Congress makes the Pentagon buy weapons it doesn't want? Answer: few jobs and lots of waste: Senator Hank Brown, (R-CO); Senator David Pryor, (D-AK).
Ordering Number: WW638
Title: Clinton's Military Budget
Original Air Date: 6/06/93
The Clinton Administration's modest efforts to reduce military spending are debated by leaders in Congress and the Pentagon. Expanded military operations in the former Yugoslavia, the Persian Gulf, or Somalia threaten to undermine these efforts altogether.

Society

Ordering Number: WW124
Title: The Media and the Military
Original Air Date: 3/15/88
Journalists discuss their relationship with the Pentagon.
Ordering Number: WW316
Title: Women And Military Policy
Original Air Date: 12/31/89
Outstanding women reflect on their role in military policy- making. What special qualities, if any, do women bring to the arts of war and diplomacy? Guests include Senator Nancy Kassebaum (R-Kans.), Rep. Patricia Schroeder (D-Colo.) and former Assistant Secretary of State Rozanne Ridgway.
Ordering Number: WW433
Title: Treating the Casualties of War with Iraq
Original Air Date: 5/05/91
Who were the casualties of the war? While America casualties were relatively light, many people died in Iraq, Kuwait, and other Middle East countries. How are the wounded and injured being treated, here and nearer the battlefields? And what are the other less obvious casualties of the war?
Ordering Number: WW434
Title: Educating For a Strong America
Original Air Date: 5/05/91
Will the education presidency become a casualty of the recent war against Iraq? Experts agree that the United States needs an educated population to be able to compete in world markets, a basic requirement for strength and security in the next century. But the experts disagree over solutions. Will our children be as smart as our bombs?
Ordering Number: WW442
Title: Patriotism And Militarism
Original Air Date: 7/07/91
Wars stir patriotic fervor. Are love of country and all-out support for military solutions the same thing? Can patriotism flourish in peacetime? Is patriotism a defining feature of the American way of life? Lively interviews with civilians and active-duty soldiers at the Desert Storm victory parade in Washington, D.C., reveal a wide variety of views on winning, patriotism, and the Iraq War experience.
Ordering Number: WW535
Title: The Military On Campus
Original Air Date: 5/17/92
Our universities are some of the largest defense contractors. We went back to school to investigate the Pentagon's surprising, pervasive influence on university research, and the ROTC's impact on high schools and colleges.
Ordering Number: WW552
Title: Race Relations in the Vietnam War
Original Air Date: 9/13/92
Vietnam was the first integrated American war. At the twentieth anniversary of "The Wall," Vietnam veterans talk about race and the conduct of the war. African-Americans, Latinos, Native Americans, and Caucasians from every region of the United States share entertaining anecdotes and illuminating insights from their own perspective.
Ordering Number: WW817
Title: Military Medicine - A Prescription for Change
Original Air Date: 1/08/95

The Environment

Ordering Number: WW745
Title: A New Range War: The Pentagon & Public Land
Original Air Date: 7/24/94
The Air Force and citizen groups have squared off over the acquisition of public lands for additional training ranges for pilots returning from bases shut down overseas: Rep. Bruce Vento, (D-MN); Grace Bukowski, Rural Alliance for Military Accountability.
Ordering Number: WW747
Title: Protectors and Pollutors
Original Air Date: 7/31/94
In the name of national security, the U.S. military has polluted the environment on the land, sea, and air. This

The Environment

startling program examines how the mess can be cleaned up, how much the clean-up will cost, and how we can prevent military-related environmental problems from occuring in the future.
Ordering Number: WW748
Title: War May Be Hazardous To Your Health
Original Air Date: 8/14/94
From Agent Orange in Vietnam to unexplained illnesses among veterans of the Gulf War, wars have often damaged the health of the survivors. In addition, preparations for war, including nuclear weapons tests, have poisoned people and the environment: Gen. Ronald Blanck, Cmdr. of Walter Reed Army Medical Center; Tod Ensign, Citizen Soldier.
Ordering Number: WW801
Title: Air Wars
Original Air Date: 9/18/94
The U.S. Military uses nearly 50% of American airspace and wants to use more. ADM traveled to the front lines of the war being waged between citizens and the military over the impact of military overflights on the quality of life and the environment: Steve Wolfe, Air National Gaurd; Col. Jerrold Callen, Vice Commander, Mountain Home AFB.
Ordering Number: WW913
Title: Fighting for Oil
Original Air Date: 12/10/95
The military spends Billions to defend our foreign oil supply. The same money invested in alternative energy research and conservation would enhance our security and protect the environment.

The Government

Ordering Number: WW616
Title: Citizen Soldiers: The Guard and Reserves
Original Air Date: 1/03/93
There are over 1 million reserves and National Guard troops. Americans will be surprised at their costs and capabilities and the competition between the reserves and the regulars: Melvin Laird, Secretary of Defense, 1969-73; Rep. Sonny Montgomery, (D-MS).
Ordering Number: WW649
Title: Veterans In America
Original Air Date: 8/22/93
More than one American in ten is a veteran. The vets have a big impact on our taxes and our political life. A revealing report on the men and women who have served in the military: Mary Stout, National President, Vietnam Veterans of America, 1987-91; John Hanson, American Legion.
Ordering Number: WW708
Title: President Clinton's Military Establishment
Original Air Date: 11/07/93
Candidate Bill Clinton's major campaign theme was "The courage to change." President Clinton's Pentagon, however, looks a lot like the Pentagon of the recent past. This penetrating report looks at why the Bottom Up Review will result in only minor changes in military programs and spending: Natalie Goldring, British American Security Information; William Colby, CIA Director, 1973-76.
Ordering Number: WW731
Title: Holding On In Okinawa
Original Air Date: 4/17/94
Without an identifiable enemy in the Pacific region, continued U.S. military occupation of the island of Okinawa is an increasing concern of its citizens. The U.S. still keeps 45,000 military personnel in Japan: Stanley Roth, Deputy Assistant Secretry of Defense; George Feifer, Historian and Author.
Ordering Number: WW825
Title: Clinton, Congress, and Conversion
Original Air Date: 3/05/95
What new investments are being made to meet domestic needs and put people back to work? Will Congress succeed in cutting the few conversion programs that exist? Rep. Howard Berman, (D-CA); Buzz Fitzgerald, CEO, Bath Iron Works; Susie Schweppe, Maine Economic Conversion Program.
Ordering Number: WW852
Title: Where Has All the Money Gone?
Original Air Date: 9/10/95
Despite enormous pressure to spend scarce public resources wisely, DoD and many of its contractors continue to take the taxpayer for granted: Rep. Peter DeFazio, (D-OR); John Isaacs, Council for a Livable World; Franklin Spinney, DoD Analyst.
Ordering Number: WW901
Title: Lifting The Veil Of Military Secrecy
Original Air Date: 9/17/95
America is still buying weapons and conducting military operations under a veil of secrecy established during the Cold War. This chilling episode examines the pros and cons of military secrecy in the absence of significant enemies: Ted Postol, MIT; Adm. Stansfield Turner, USN, (Ret.), CIA Director, 1978-81.
Ordering Number: WW905
Title: America's Arms Race With Itself
Original Air Date: 10/15/95
Does the allure of new weapons cause the Pentagon to ignore the capable systems already paid for? This episode looks at whether the Pentagon purposely drives good systems into the ground -- and undersells them to the public -- in order to buy new ones: Sen. Dale Bumpers, (D-AR); Sen. Charles Grassley, (R-IA); Joe Cirincione, Henry L. Stimson Center.
Ordering Number: WW907
Title: Ending Cold War Foreign Policy
Original Air Date: 10/29/95
Many Americans are uneasy about the normalization of relations with Vietnam. Others say it is overdue and that we should establish diplomatic relations with Cuba as well. U.S. foreign policy after the Cold War has fascinating political, economic, and psychological implications.

The Media

Ordering Number: WW808
Title: The Media and the Image of War
Original Air Date: 11/06/94
ovies and television have helped transmit from generation to generation a series of myths about war, peace, weapons, and the use of force. The impact of such values are explored in this thought-provoking and exquisitely documented episode: Richard Slotkin, Author of "Gunfighter Nation."
Ordering Number: WW834
Title: The "CNN Effect:" TV and Foreign Policy
Original Air Date: 5/07/95
The ability of television to broadcast live from around the world has complicated the process of foreign and military policy. What is the impact of the so-called "CNN Effect?" How do politicians and military planners cope with the rapidly evolving information environment? Marvin Kalb, Harvard University; Peter Arnett, CNN.

The Military and Society

Ordering Number: WW636
Title: The Hidden Costs Of The Military
Original Air Date: 5/23/93
Here's a new perspective to judge the military's impact on society. The little-known costs of our vast military establishment include land rendered useless, resources consumed, and human talent diverted from productive civilian activities: Greg Bischak, National Commission for Economic Conversion and Disarmament; John Conyers, (D-MI); Michael Renner, Worldwatch Institute.
Ordering Number: WW646
Title: New Civilian Tasks For The Military
Original Air Date: 8/01/93
In the absence of a military threat from the Soviet Union, some in Congress favor new non-military, civilian tasks for the military. What should civilians think about it?
Ordering Number: WW710
Title: The Military and American Society
Original Air Date: 11/21/93
The military is a society within a society. This provocative program reveals how the military's values, privileges and prestige are faring in post-Cold War America. Viewers will be astounded at the extent to which military values have permeated our thinking and activities.
Ordering Number: WW722
Title: Humanitarian Tasks For The Military?
Original Air Date: 2/13/94
Since the end of the Cold War, U.S. armed forces have dramatically increased their humanitarian efforts with a mixed record of success. This fascinating episode examines the effectiveness, the costs, and the advisability of continuing efforts by the armed forces to engage in non- military tasks: Frank Conahan, Director of National Security and International Affairs, GAO; Col. John Cope, USA, Senior Fellow, National Defense University.
Ordering Number: WW838
Title: JROTC: The Military in America's High Schools
Original Air Date: 6/04/95
The military has plans to expand its presence in America's high schools claiming it wants to have a positive impact on children. Others maintain that it is a move to recruit for the services: Harold Jordan, American Friends Service Committee; Barbara Wein, Consortium on Peace Research, Education and Development; Lt. Col. Mike Hayes, U.S. Army Cadet Command, High School Directorate.
Ordering Number: WW841
Title: The Press and the Pentagon
Original Air Date: 6/25/95
As technology changes, is the Pentagon becoming more "media savvy?" An all-star line-up of journalists and senior press officers debate this fascinating topic: Walter Cronkite, CBS; Gen. Charles McClain, Jr., Chief of Public Affairs, U.S. Army; Peter Arnett, CNN.
Ordering Number: WW846
Title: Second Amendment Warriors
Original Air Date: 7/30/95
The willingness of para-military groups, gun enthusiasts, weekend warriors, and unofficial militias to bear arms against their own government stems from an interpretation of the constitution going back to the eighteenth century: Rep. Helen Chenoweth, (R-ID); Major Gen. John D'Araujo, Director, Army National Gaurd; James Gibson, Author, "Warrior Dreams."

The United Nations

Ordering Number: WW614
Title: The UN's Military Missions
Original Air Date: 12/20/92
Have UN peacekeeping operations been a flop or a success? This provocative program examines traditional UN peacekeeping missions and asks the question "Will U.S. forces be assigned to UN operations?"
Ordering Number: WW626
Title: The UN's Nuclear Detective
Original Air Date: 3/14/93
Amidst fears that additional countries could develop nuclear bombs, an underfunded International Atomic Energy Agency tries to prevent the misuse of nuclear materials for military purposes--in over 170 countries around the world: Hans Blix, Director General of the Int'l. Atomic Energy Agency; Paul Leventhal, Nuclear Control Institute.
Ordering Number: WW741
Title: The UN: Peacekeeping or Warmaking?
Original Air Date: 6/26/94
At a time of severe financial crisis, the UN is involved in a record number of peacekeeping operations around the world. UN "Blue Helmets" are increasingly attacked, drawn into bitter civil wars, and at risk of becoming partners to conflict: Charles Krauthammer, Journalist; Rep. Jim Leach, (R-IA); Senator Larry Pressler, (R-SD).
Ordering Number: WW840
Title: UN Peacekeeping: America's Role
Original Air Date: 6/18/95
UN Peacekeepers are being asked to do more with less resources. Should the United States pick up the slack. At the center of this debate is the issue of a UN standing army and who would lead it: Sarah Sewall, Deputy Assistant Secretary, DoD; Shashi Tharoor, UN Undersecretary-General for Peacekeeping; Col. Karl Farris, U.S. Army Peacekeeping Institute.
Ordering Number: WW906
Title: The U.N. at 50: A Force for the Future?
Original Air Date: 10/22/95
With the end of the Cold War, the United Nations is faced with new challenges. This timely episode looks at the vision of the original U.N. Charter, the evolution of peacekeeping, and new roles for the U.N. in the arena of international conflict.

The Use of Force

Ordering Number: WW707
Title: The War in the Middle East: Desert Storm II?
Original Air Date: 10/31/93
U. S. officials assume Saddam Hussein will remain in power in Iraq. The military is embarked on a provacative course of pre-positioned weapons and material to counter a future Iraqi build-up.
Ordering Number: WW713
Title: The U.S. and UN in Somalia
Original Air Date: 12/12/93
U.S. involvement in Somalia changed from humanitarian aid to military retaliation. This hard-hitting program examines what brought about this shift: Randall Robinson, TransAfrica;
Ordering Number: WW729
Title: Why We Fight
Original Air Date: 4/03/94
The United States has used armed force abroad over 50 times since World War II. Military intervention is still considered a central option in U.S. diplomacy. This unusual investigation looks for answers to why we have fought in places as varied as Korea and Panama, Vietnam and Grenada: Sanford Ungar, Dean of the School of Communications, The American University; Michael Wessells, Psychologists for Social Responsibility.
Ordering Number: WW802
Title: Confronting the Crisis in Haiti
Original Air Date: 9/25/94
The U.S. role in the economic and military affairs of Haiti is explored in this insightful program. It provides viewers with a look at the events and policies that have led to the current situation in Haiti: Randall Robinson, TransAfrica; Elliot Abrahms, Hudson Institute; Jean-Claude Martineau, Aristide spokesman.
Ordering Number: WW827
Title: Ready or Not? American Combat Readiness
Original Air Date: 3/19/95
The 60's had a "Bomber Gap," the 70's, a "Missile Gap," military spending in the 80's was driven by the fear of "Hollow Forces." Today debate rages in Congress over a "Readiness Gap." Billions are at stake over America's ability to engage its enemies on the battlefield: Senator John McCain, (R-AZ); Rep. Ron Dellums, (D-CA).

Use of Force

Ordering Number: WW416
Title: Worried About The Gulf
Original Air Date: 1/06/91
As the Gulf conflict worsens, there is a growing difference of opinion between policy makers and the public. After an initial period of rallying around the flag, misgivings set in. Political analyst Norman Ornstein and representatives of the Military Families Support Network discuss public concern about war in the Middle East.
Ordering Number: WW417
Title: Alternatives To War In The Middle East
Original Air Date: 1/13/91
As the showdown with Iraq reaches its most critical stage, a broad spectrum of experts talk about alternatives to war. Is a negotiated settlement realistic? Specialists on Arab countries and the Islamic religion help provide the answers.
Ordering Number: WW420
Title: Consequences Of War In The Gulf
Original Air Date: 1/29/91
Media coverage of the war in the Gulf has focused on day-to- day developments. Little attention has yet been given to the consequences of the war. It is not too early to begin looking at the possible aftermath of the conflict. Shortly before the war started Congressional hearings were held with Admiral William Crowe, former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, former Defense Secretary James Schlesinger, and other leading former officials. Their views on what might happen if war came to the Middle East are even more compelling now than when they were first offered.
Ordering Number: WW426
Title: Sandstorm In The Gulf: Digging Out
Original Air Date: 3/17/91
The relatively easy military victory over Iraq does not automatically bring peace to the Middle East. The challenge ahead has four dimensions: regional security, arms control, the Arab-Israeli conflict, and economic development. And what about the home front?
Ordering Number: WW511
Title: War And The New World Order
Original Air Date: 12/01/91
This program looks at the roots of some of the 30 wars still being fought around the world, and the U.S. role in these destructive and bloody wars. How do these conflicts affect us?
Ordering Number: WW545
Title: What Should We Defend?
Original Air Date: 7/26/92
Examines the requirements for defending the U.S., its territories and allies. This comprehensive analysis provides the Information citizens need to participate in the forthcoming debate on the military's role in the years ahead: Senator Kent Conrad, (D-ND); Adm. Stanley Fine, USN (Ret.), former Navy Budget Director.
Ordering Number: WW611
Title: U.S. Elite Forces
Original Air Date: 11/29/92
From counter-terrorism to guerrilla warfare, U.S. special forces do the least-publicized military jobs. This exciting show pulls back the veil of semi-secrecy.
Ordering Number: WW628
Title: Do We Need Four Military Forces?
Original Air Date: 3/28/93
The Army, Navy, Air Force and Marines have their own air forces, weapons developers and chaplains corps. That is no way to save money.

Weapons

Ordering Number: WW323
Title: Buying Weapons
Original Air Date: 2/18/89
How does the Pentagon buy the costly weapons of the nuclear age? And why are they so costly? Don Fuqua of the Aerospace Industries Association, Air Force civilian analyst Tom Amlie, journalist Nick Kotz, and military procurement expert Jacques Gansler provide the answers.
Ordering Number: WW328
Title: The Stealth Bomber
Original Air Date: 4/01/90
Defense Secretary Cheney has slowed production of the Stealth (B-2) Bomber. Former Pentagon procurement chief Robert Costello has opposed this enormously costly weapon system. Yet, the B-2 continues to be tested and built, simultaneously. Costello, retired General Lawrence Skantze (USAF, Ret.), and bomber experts square off and come to very different conclusions about the B-2's value in the missile age.
Ordering Number: WW329
Title: Nuclear Bomb Factories
Original Air Date: 4/08/90
The factories that produce the explosive materials for nuclear bombs have been closed down for safety reasons. Do we need to reopen them? Can the shutdown be turned into an opportunity for arms control? These questions and the costs of cleaning up the plants are discussed by Congressman Tom Luken (D-Ohio), who represents the district where the Fernald plant is contaminating the surrounding area. Arms experts from scientific groups and think tanks join the discussion.
Ordering Number: WW330
Title: Mobile Missiles
Original Air Date: 4/15/90
The Defense Department is developing and plans to buy two nuclear-tipped, mobile intercontinental ballistic missile systems: the MX Rail-Mobile, and the Midgetman. What would they do and why does the Bush Administration support these systems? How much would they cost? Does America need a new missile system at all? Robert McFarlane, former National Security Adviser to the President {1983-86}, Senator Carl Levin {D-Mich.} and other experts air their points of view.
Ordering Number: WW332
Title: The Great Arms Debate
Original Air Date: 4/29/90
Former Secretaries of Defense James Schlesinger and Harold Brown and ex-members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff call for a smaller military and restraint in weapons programs. Defense Secretary Dick Cheney makes the case for staying the course. Congress debates the future size, role and cost of the armed forces after the Cold War. Will there be money for a peace dividend?
Ordering Number: WW346
Title: Space Weapons
Original Air Date: 8/05/90
The public has heard more about Star Wars, but anti- satellite weapons (ASATs) could have an equally great impact on U. S.- Soviet relations. Should we allow these weapons to extend the arms race to space? Are there peaceful alternatives? Among those who provide answers are Rep. George Brown of the House Space Committee, John Pike of the Federation of American Scientists and Roald Sagdeev of the Soviet Union.
Ordering Number: WW422
Title: Star Wars At The Crossroads
Original Air Date: 2/17/91
Congress has cut funds for the Strategic Defense Initiative; few Americans now fear a Soviet missile attack. Supporters of SDI have shifted way from President Reagan's original version to a more modest goal: defense against Third World missiles. Supporters and critics debate this system's future.
Ordering Number: WW425
Title: Scrapping Chemical Weapons
Original Air Date: 3/10/91
The U.S. and the USSR have agreed to destroy the vast bulk of their chemical weapons. Environmental, health and safety concerns are being raised about how these weapons will be destroyed.
Ordering Number: WW427
Title: Arms For The Future
Original Air Date: 3/24/91
The Pentagon wants to continue developing and building weapons that were originally designed for a major war with the USSR. The Advanced Tactical Fighter, the Sea Wolf attack submarine and the LH Army helicopter are weapons that some experts think are aimed at bygone threats.
Ordering Number: WW443
Title: The Soaring Costs Of The Stealth Bomber
Original Air Date: 7/14/91
Under pressure to cut back on the newest, and most controversial, long-range bomber, the Stealth, Defense Secretary Cheney reduced his request from 132 to 75 planes. That would bring the cost to over $800 million per plane, even before it has been fully tested. Congress and the experts debate the future of the world`s most expensive plane.
Ordering Number: WW448
Title: Stopping The Spread Of Chemical And Biological Arms
Original Air Date: 8/18/91
The number of countries with chemical weapons is on the rise. Iraq used these weapons in its war with Iran and against its own Kurdish population. Questions abound regarding the military utility of chemical and biological weapons and whether they can be eliminated. A fact-filled look at the most repugnant method of war.
Ordering Number: WW452
Title: The Weapons Makers
Original Air Date: 9/15/91
Despite the prospect of leaner purchases from the Pentagon, many defense contractors continue to exercise lots of economic and political clout. What can be done to counter the unwarranted influence of the military-industrial complex against which President Eisenhower warned? How prepared are defense contractors to enter commercial markets?
Ordering Number: WW513
Title: Old Wars, New Weapons
Original Air Date: 12/15/91
The Pentagon has been extolling the virtues of high tech weapons, ballistic missile defenses, and stealth technology since the war with Iraq. How well did our military forces perform? Is the Pentagon using the war with Iraq to justify the buying of new weapons? Beyond the hype, a dramatic glimpse of reality.
Ordering Number: WW543
Title: Can America Be Defended?
Original Air Date: 7/12/92
Covers the reasons for and against the construction of a new anti-missile system. An interesting portrayal of the promises and pitfalls of deploying the latest version of Star Wars.
Ordering Number: WW548
Title: The Seawolf and the Cities
Original Air Date: 8/16/92
Is Congress wasting billions on a submarine even the Navy doesn't want? Congress and General Dynamics use military spending as a jobs program. Meanwhile, the agitated cities struggle for more federal help: Rev. Jesse Jackson, Rainbow Coalition; David Hackworth, USA, (Ret.), Newsweek Magazine; Ann Markusen, Rutgers University.
Ordering Number: WW643
Title: The C-17, The Flying Truck
Original Air Date: 7/11/93
For $36 billion, the Pentagon wants to buy 120 C-17 cargo planes. Who or what would they carry in the post-Cold War world? There are existing cargo planes that could be modified: General Robert Springer, USAF, (Ret.), Airlift Command, 1987-88.
Ordering Number: WW702
Title: The F-22 Controversy
Original Air Date: 9/26/93
It could cost $100 Billion just to develop and manufacture this futuristic fighter plane. The U.S. already has a capable fleet of fighters: Tony Capaccio, Editor, Defense Week Magazine.
Ordering Number: WW742
Title: MILSTAR: A Millstone from the Cold War
Original Air Date: 5/29/94
MILSTAR is a $30 Billion satellite system designed during the heyday of the Soviet Union to provide communications to U.S. forces six months after the start of a nuclear war: Lt. General Peter Kind, U.S. Army; Jonathan Pike, Federation of American Scientists.
Ordering Number: WW751
Title: Ridding the World of Chemical Weapons
Original Air Date: 9/04/94
The Chemical Weapons Convention that limits the production and use of this abhorent method of war is a breakthrough treaty. The U.S. Senate will resume debate on its ratification: Amy Smithson, Henry L. Stimpson Center; John Holum, Arms Control and Disarmament Agency.
Ordering Number: WW806
Title: Defense Jobs at the Economy's Expense
Original Air Date: 10/23/94
Many in Congress concede that they vote for expensive weapons systems primarily to bring jobs to their districts. Does America really need to build weapons of debatable military vaule in order to preserve our "defense-industrial base?" Tom McNaugher, Brookings Institution; Greg Bischak, National Commission for Economic Conversion and Disarmament.

Weapons

Ordering Number: WW850
Title: Non-lethal Weapons: War Without Death?
Original Air Date: 9/27/95
A probing look at the world of laser weapons, chemical irritants, and other technologies used to maim and subdue, not kill: Gen. Edward Meyer, Army Chief of Staff, 179-1983; Thomas Karr, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory.